Understanding Endometriosis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

Endometriosis is a common yet often misunderstood condition that affects millions of women worldwide. It occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the womb, leading to pain, inflammation, and other complications. 

Despite its prevalence, endometriosis is frequently misdiagnosed or overlooked, leaving many women struggling for years before receiving proper treatment. Luckily, knowing the symptoms, causes, and treatment options can help those affected take control of their health and find the support they need!

What Is Endometriosis?

Endometriosis is a chronic condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or other areas in the pelvic region. Unlike normal uterine tissue, this misplaced growth cannot shed during menstruation, leading to inflammation, scarring, and sometimes the formation of cysts called endometriomas.

The severity of endometriosis varies—some women experience mild symptoms, while others face severe pain and fertility challenges.

Symptoms of Endometriosis

Symptoms of endometriosis can differ from person to person, but common signs include:

• Severe menstrual cramps that do not improve with over-the-counter pain relief
• Chronic pelvic pain, even outside of menstruation
• Pain during or after sex
• Heavy or irregular periods
• Painful bowel movements or urination, especially during menstruation
• Bloating and digestive issues, sometimes referred to as “endo belly”
• Difficulty getting pregnant

Since these symptoms overlap with other conditions, endometriosis is often misdiagnosed as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

What Are Causes and Risk Factors?

The exact cause of endometriosis is still unclear, but several factors may contribute:

• Retrograde menstruation – When menstrual blood flows backward into the pelvic cavity instead of exiting the body
• Genetics – A family history of endometriosis may increase the risk
• Hormonal imbalances – Higher levels of estrogen may play a role
• Immune system dysfunction – The body may fail to recognize and eliminate misplaced endometrial-like tissue
• Previous pelvic surgery – Procedures like C-sections may increase the risk of endometrial cells implanting outside the uterus

Diagnosis and Testing for Endometriosis

Diagnosing endometriosis can be challenging because symptoms can mimic other conditions, and imaging tests often do not detect smaller lesions. The process may include:

• Pelvic exam – A doctor checks for cysts or areas of tenderness.
• Ultrasound – Helps identify ovarian cysts (endometriomas), but cannot confirm endometriosis.
• MRI scans – May provide a clearer picture of endometriosis in some cases.
• Laparoscopy (the gold standard) – A minimally invasive surgery where a small camera is inserted into the abdomen to confirm the presence of endometrial-like tissue.

Because symptoms can be dismissed as “normal period pain,” many women with endometriosis go undiagnosed for years. If you suspect endometriosis, don’t hesitate to advocate for yourself and seek a specialist if needed!

Treatment Options for Endometriosis

While there is no cure for endometriosis, several treatment options can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life:

• Pain management – Over-the-counter or prescription medications (NSAIDs, acetaminophen)
• Hormonal therapy – Birth control pills, progestin-only treatments, or GnRH agonists to suppress abnormal tissue growth
• Laparoscopic surgery – To remove endometriosis lesions, which may provide symptom relief
• Hysterectomy (in severe cases) – Removing the uterus may be an option if other treatments are ineffective
• Fertility treatments – If conception is a concern, assisted reproductive technologies (like IVF) may help

Managing Endometriosis Long-Term

Since endometriosis is a chronic condition, long-term management focuses on reducing pain, improving daily function, and protecting fertility when possible. Many women find relief through:

• Lifestyle changes – Regular exercise, anti-inflammatory diets, and stress management
• Pelvic physical therapy – Helps with pain and muscle tension
• Support groups and counseling – Connecting with others who understand the condition can be incredibly beneficial

Endometriosis Diagnosis and Treatment in Fort Worth, TX

Endometriosis can be challenging, but early diagnosis and the right treatment plan can significantly improve your quality of life! If you or someone you love is experiencing symptoms, don’t hesitate to seek medical advice and explore treatment options. No one should have to suffer in silence—your pain is real, and help is available!

Contact Dr. Carolyn Quist at (817) 926-1313 to schedule an appointment.

Sources:

https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/endometriosis

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/endometriosis

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10857-endometriosis